The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the network of physical objects—devices, vehicles, buildings, and other items—embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies that enable them to collect and exchange data over the internet. These interconnected devices can communicate with each other and with central systems, facilitating automation, remote monitoring, and control. IoT aims to enhance efficiency, reduce human intervention, and provide more detailed insights into various processes and environments. Applications of IoT span numerous fields, including smart homes, healthcare, agriculture, manufacturing, and transportation.